Technology glossary

Context Window

Controlled-NOT Gate(CNOT)

A two-qubit quantum logic gate in which one qubit controls whether another qubit is flipped.

Copyright Settlement

A negotiated agreement resolving a copyright dispute without a final trial judgment on every legal issue.

Cosmic Redshift

Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

A method that compares the health outcomes and costs of different medical interventions.

Country-of-Origin Claim

A statement indicating where a product was manufactured, assembled or substantially transformed. Legal requirements vary by jurisdiction and by how qualified the wording is, so a marketing phrase may need evidence about components, processing and final assembly.

Covered List

A government list of communications equipment and services considered to pose an unacceptable national-security risk.

Cross-Border Censorship

Cross-Origin Access

Access by one website or embedded context to data or actions belonging to a different web origin.

Cryogenic Electronics

Electronic circuits designed to operate at very low temperatures, often near quantum processors or scientific sensors.

Cryptic Species

A species that is genetically or reproductively distinct from another species but looks so similar that conventional visual identification may not separate them reliably.

CubeSat

A standardized small satellite built from modular units measuring roughly ten centimetres per side.

Data Annotation

Data Center Water Use

Water consumed directly for cooling or indirectly through electricity generation and equipment manufacturing for data centers.

Debris Disk

Deep Brain Stimulation(DBS)

A therapy that uses implanted electrodes to deliver electrical pulses to specific brain regions.

Dendrite Formation

Diagnostic Yield

The proportion of diagnostic procedures that produce enough reliable information to establish a specific diagnosis.

Digital Elevation Model(DEM)

A digital representation of ground-surface elevation used in terrain and flood analysis.

Digital Markets Act

Digital Twin

A digital representation of a physical object or system that updates using real-world data.

Digital-to-Analog Converter(DAC)

A circuit that converts digital values into analog electrical signals.

Direct Imaging of Exoplanets

Directed Evolution

An engineering method that repeatedly mutates and selects biological molecules to improve a desired function.

Dissipative Entanglement

Driver Mutation

A genetic change that gives a cell a growth advantage and contributes directly to cancer development.

Drug-Likeness

A set of chemical and physical properties used to estimate whether a molecule could become a practical medicine.

Durability of Response

Early-Universe Black Hole

Edge Computing

Processing data near the device or sensor that generates it instead of sending everything to a distant data center.